{"id":212,"date":"2013-04-09T16:51:58","date_gmt":"2013-04-09T21:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/?page_id=212"},"modified":"2026-01-05T14:58:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T20:58:31","slug":"writing-style","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/writing-style\/","title":{"rendered":"Writing Style"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-modular-content-collection>\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\tclass=\"site-section site-panel__wysiwyg panel panel-wysiwyg site-section__bg--normal\"\n\t\t\tdata-depth=\"\"\n\t\t\tdata-js-panel=\"wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"site-section__inner l-wrapper \">\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"site-section__content \">\n\t\t<div class=\"site-grid site-grid__wrapper site-grid__wrapper-stagger\"\n\t\t\t data-depth=\"0\"\n\t\t\t data-name=\"columns\"\n\t\t\t data-livetext>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"site-grid__col\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"site-panel__wysiwyg-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"t-content \"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t data-depth=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t data-index=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t data-autop=\"true\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t data-name=\"column_content\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 style=\"font-size: 30px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #ca870d;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p>Which is it: St. Olaf or Saint Olaf? Is it email or e-mail? What about commas \u2014 should you put one before the \u201cand\u201d? Does it matter?<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Yes, it does matter. Consistency in writing style lets the reader concentrate on the content without being distracted by variations in spelling and punctuation from one page to the next. Having a manual keeps writers and editors from having to reinvent rules every time a new project comes along. Adhering to an agreed-upon style gives each campus publication a voice that harmonizes with those from other areas of the college \u2014 and makes their use by other media as easy as possible.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>This style guide is offered to bring consistency to non-scholarly, mass-media publications and correspondence written for and about St. Olaf College. It addresses many of the frequently asked questions about style and some of the common errors.\u00a0In general, it looks to\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Chicago Manual of Style<\/a><\/em>\u00a0for guidance on word usage, spelling, grammar, capitalization, and punctuation. The dictionary of record is\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Webster\u2019s New World Dictionary<\/a><\/em>. It should be consulted for spelling, hyphenation, and word breaks.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"font-size: 30px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; color: #ca870d;\">What this guide covers<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Within this guide you will find information on the following topics. If you do not find an answer to your question here, please consult the references noted above or email Kari VanDerVeen in the Office of Marketing and Communications at <i>vanderve@stolaf.edu<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>The name of the college<\/li>\n<li>Use of the college logo, seal, and athletic mark<\/li>\n<li>St. Olaf-specific terms<\/li>\n<li>Abbreviations<\/li>\n<li>Academic terminology<\/li>\n<li>Capitalization<\/li>\n<li>Computer and Internet terminology<\/li>\n<li>Numbers\/numerals<\/li>\n<li>Punctuation<\/li>\n<li>Religious terminology<\/li>\n<li>Titles: academic, courtesy, and religious<\/li>\n<li>Troublesome words and terms<\/li>\n<li>Writing about music: A style sheet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">All About the College<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The official name of the college is <strong>St. Olaf College<\/strong>, or, on second use in a publication, St. Olaf. Never spell out the word \u201csaint\u201d as part of the name of the college.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use of the college logo, seal, and athletic marks<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>To better understand our approach and proper use of the college logo, seal and athletic marks,\u00a0please refer to our brand manual. All questions related to use of the college logo should be directed to the <a href=\"mailto:marcom@stolaf.edu\">Office of Marketing and Communications<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">St. Olaf-specific terms<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The following St. Olaf-specific words and terms are commonly misspelled or referred to incorrectly. The correct spelling and usage is below. Please note the placement of apostrophes, hyphens, and commas.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Campus Site Names<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Ade Christenson Complex<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Boe Memorial Chapel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Buntrock Commons<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Christiansen Hall of Music<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Center for Art and Dance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the Hill (\u201cthe\u201d isn\u2019t capitalized unless it\u2019s at the beginning of a sentence: She loved her time on the Hill.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kings\u2019 Dining Room<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lion\u2019s Pause<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Manitou Field<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Manitou Heights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mellby Hall<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Memorial Tower<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Norway Valley<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Old Main<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Regents Hall of Natural and Mathematical Sciences<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>R\u00f8lvaag Memorial Library<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Skifter Hall<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Skoglund Center<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Skoglund Center Auditorium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Skoglund Field House<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>St. Olaf Bookstore<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Theater Building<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tostrud Center<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Departments, majors, and academic programs<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>American Conversations program<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Asian Conversations program<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the Great Conversation (\u201cthe\u201d is not capitalized unless beginning a sentence)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the Science Conversation (\u201cthe\u201d is not capitalized unless beginning a sentence)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science (MSCS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Events<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Baccalaureate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Celebration Weekend<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Commencement, Commencement 2011 (exception: lowercase in general references, such as \u201ccommencement exercises\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Founders Day<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Homecoming and Family Weekend (do not use ampersand)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>St. Olaf Christmas Festival<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Week One<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">General, administrative<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Alumni and Parent Relations (do not use ampersand)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Board of Regents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Board of Regents Student Affairs Committee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Board of Regents Student Committee (BORSC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bon App\u00e9tit Management Company<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Class of 2011 (\u201cClass\u201d is always capitalized in this case: the Class of 2014, the Class of 1955)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dean of Students Office<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Howard and Edna Hong Kierkegaard Library<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Information and Instructional Technologies (IIT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>International and Off-Campus Studies Office<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lilly Endowment Program<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lilly Program for the Discernment of Lives of Worth and Service<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Multicultural Affairs, Office of (MCA)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Norwegian-American Historical Association (NAHA)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>President\u2019s Office<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recreation, Exercise Science, and Athletics (RESA)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Registrar\u2019s Office<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shaw-Olson Center for College History<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Student Support Services program (SSS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Telecommunications Office<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Treasurer\u2019s Office<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TRiO Programs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Upward Bound (UB)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Phrases<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Um! Yah! Yah! (A popular phrase from \u2014 and title of \u2014 the St. Olaf fight song; note that an exclamation and space follows each word)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fram, Fram, Kristmenn, Krossmenn (the motto of St. Olaf College; it means \u201cForward, Forward, People of Christ, People of the Cross\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fram! Fram! St. Olaf! (A popular phrase and title of the college hymn)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Select student groups and ensembles<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Gay, Lesbian, or Whatever (GLOW!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>St. Olaf Band, Choir, and Orchestra (only capitalized when it\u2019s St. Olaf Band, St. Olaf Choir, or St. Olaf Orchestra; \u201cband,\u201d \u201cchoir,\u201d or \u201corchestra\u201d in reference to the ensemble is lowercased)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>St. Olaf Garden Research and Organic Works Farm (STOGROW)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abbreviations<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abbreviations and acronyms<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When in doubt, spell out the word. In general, avoid using acronyms that aren\u2019t well-known, and avoid using a number of acronyms in one article. Do not follow an organization\u2019s full name with an abbreviation or acronym in parentheses if there is no second reference to the organization. Names not commonly known to the public should not be reduced to acronyms solely to save a few words. Use periods with abbreviations that appear in lowercase letters (e.g., a.k.a., etc.) but do not use periods with abbreviations in capital letters (NATO, AIDS, MIAC).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 St. Olaf is a member of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC). The MIAC is\u00a0highly competitive, and members regularly see post-season regional and national competition.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em>\u00a0 The meeting brought together members of the CDC, the FBI, and the APWU.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">With dates or numerals<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use the abbreviations a.m., p.m., A.D., and B.C. These abbreviations should only be used following a number.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In 450 B.C.; at 9:30 a.m.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:\u00a0<\/em> This a.m. she lectured on Laban\u2019s system of movement.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In numbered addresses used in running text<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Do not abbreviate avenue, boulevard, and street in numbered addresses:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: He lives at 1520 Manitou Street.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Abbreviate NW, NE, SW, SE (do not use periods in the abbreviation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Names of numbered streets should always be in numeral form (this is a departure from <i>The Chicago Manual of Style<\/i>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: The store is located at 214 1<sup>st<\/sup> Street NW.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Months<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Do not abbreviate names of months or days of the week. They are always spelled out, whether alone or in dates. When a year accompanies the date, it should be set off by commas.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 May 26, 2008, was a sad day for film buffs.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">States<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Names of states should always be spelled out when standing alone and when they follow the name of a city. When following the name of a city, the state should be followed by a comma.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lake Bluff, Illinois, was incorporated in 1895.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academic Terminology<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Every profession has specialized terms that are understood well within the field but not outside of it. Academia is certainly no exception. Indeed, academic disciplines themselves have varying requirements for professional publications. The guidelines that follow, therefore, are not intended to supplant the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association or the ACS Style Guide, but to make the college\u2019s communications with general audiences as clear and effective as possible.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Academic titles:<\/b> For more about academic titles, including proper usage and capitalization, see <b>Titles<\/b> later in this guide.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Degrees<\/b> such as bachelor of arts, bachelor of science, and master of arts are general rather than specific degrees and should not be capitalized in text.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 He earned a bachelor of arts degree in 1995.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She earned a bachelor of science with a major in biology.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use an apostrophe with bachelor\u2019s degree and master\u2019s degree.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 He holds a bachelor\u2019s degree.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Abbreviations of academic degrees should be used sparingly in material for the mass media, where they are not easily translated and where distinctions between degrees of various sorts are not well understood. When they are cited, use periods and form plurals by adding \u201cs.\u201d Avoid the possessive form.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B.A., M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B.A.s, M.A.s, Ph.D.s, LL.D.s<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>BA, BAs, PhD, PhDs<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Academic honors such as <em>cum laude<\/em> (with honor), <em>magna cum laude<\/em> (with great honor), and <em>summa cum laude<\/em> (with highest honors) should be italicized.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A <em>summa cum laude<\/em> graduate of St. Olaf, she majored in art.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capitalization<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">General<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In general, avoid unnecessary capitals. When too many words are capitalized, they lose their importance and no longer attract attention.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Addresses<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Capitalize the proper names of addresses. Capitalize words like \u201cavenue\u201d and \u201cstreet\u201d when used with more than one street name.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elm Street, St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield Boulevard<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elm and Oak Streets, Northfield and Cannon City Boulevards<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academic majors, degrees, and honors<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Except for languages (English, French, Norwegian, etc.) and studies related to geographical areas, the names of academic disciplines are not proper nouns and should not be capitalized. This includes references to disciplines in major fields of study, programs, and concentrations.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 He is a music major who also pursued Russian area studies.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 He majored in American racial and multicultural studies and completed a concentration\u00a0in management studies.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academic courses<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Capitalize and use Arabic numerals. Put the formal name of the course in italics.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 History 642: <i>America in Vietnam<br \/>\n<\/i>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Great Conversation 113: <i>The Tradition Beginning: The Greeks and the Hebrews<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academic departments, divisions, and disciplines<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Capitalize the full, formal names of academic departments, faculties, and divisions. Do not capitalize the names of academic disciplines.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the Department of History, the History Department<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the Department of English, the English Department<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She teaches mathematics.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She became the academic administrative assistant of the Mathematics Department in 2001.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 He presented his findings to the Natural Sciences and Mathematics Faculty, one of the five\u00a0divisions of the college\u2019s academic program.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academic and administrative programs and committees<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Avoid capitalizing these unless using the full formal name of a committee, center, group, program, or initiative.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She will visit the Center for Integrative Studies this afternoon.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She will visit the center this afternoon.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 He is the chair of the Curriculum and Educational Policies Committee.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She coordinates the benefits program at the college.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Administrative offices and divisions<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Capitalize the formal names of administrative offices and divisions. Lowercase casual references. (Exception: In address blocks, directories, and tabular formats, the casual name may be capitalized.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The staff in the Office of Alumni and Parent Relations is very helpful.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Her work in alumni and parent relations is very satisfying.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 That will be handled by the Office of Human Resources.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The office that oversees annual giving is part of the Advancement and College Relations Division.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Centuries and decades<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use numerals when describing centuries and decades (this is a departure from <i>The Chicago Manual of Style<\/i>). Lowercase the word \u201ccentury\u201d except when it is part of a title. Be sure to use a hyphen when \u201ccentury\u201d is modifying a noun.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the 20th century<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 18th-century literature, in the course <i>19th-Century Myths<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classes<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Do not capitalize individual class designations: first-year student, sophomore, junior, senior. (Note the hyphenation of the words \u201cfirst\u201d and \u201cyear\u201d when used as an adjective modifying a noun.) Do not capitalize generic references, e.g., the senior class. Do capitalize the formal names of organized entities: the Class of 1979, the Class of \u201992 Reunion Gift Committee.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conferences and Events<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Full names of meetings, conferences, etc., are capitalized. A \u201cthe\u201d preceding the name is lowercased even when part of the official title. Terms like \u201csociety\u201d and \u201cconference\u201d should be lowercased outside the formal name. Put substantive titles of individual conferences in quotation marks.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Republican National Convention<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The annual convention of the American Medical Association will be held in August.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She really enjoyed the International Reading Association\u2019s Chicago convention, \u201cGreat Teachers Inspire the World.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ensembles, teams, etc.<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The words \u201cband,\u201d \u201cchoir,\u201d \u201corchestra,\u201d \u201cfootball,\u201d \u201csoccer,\u201d etc., are not capitalized on second reference to one of those organizations.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A member of the St. Olaf Band, he was pursuing an independent major through the\u00a0Center for Integrative Studies.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A member of the band, he could usually be found at the center.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em> A member of the Band, he was also a familiar sight at the Center.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Events<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Capitalize the formal names of specific events occurring at the college: Commencement 2002, Fall Open House, Honors Day 2002, the Center for Art and Dance Dedication.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 New York City firefighter Brenda Berkman was selected to be the keynote speaker for<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Commencement 2002.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Her parents will attend Commencement at St. Olaf.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fall Open House will be held October 15.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nationality, ethnicity, and dual heritage<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Capitalize names of national and ethnic groups of people. Compound proper nouns \u2014 even in adjective form \u2014 are <i>not<\/i> hyphenated.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 American Indian, Latin American, Arab, British<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She has a strong voice in the African American community.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There\u2019s a really good Japanese American restaurant just around the corner.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Publications and other titles<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Italicize the names of newspapers and magazines and the titles of books, journals, movies, television and radio programs, photographs, plays, art exhibitions, and collected works when they are in text; enclose the titles of articles, poems, and episodes of television programs in quotation marks. (For questions related to musical titles, see the music style sheet at the end of this guide.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In titles of works and names of publications, capitalize the principal words, including all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions (<i>if<\/i>, <i>because<\/i>, <i>as<\/i>, <i>that<\/i>, etc.). Articles (<i>the<\/i>, <i>a<\/i>, <i>an<\/i>) are lowercased unless they are the first or last words in a title.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <em>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich<\/em>, <em>Of Mice and Men<\/em>, <em>Gone With the Wind<br \/>\n<\/em>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Atlantic Monthly<\/em> published his article titled \u201cLife in a Small Town\u201d in January.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When newspapers and periodicals are mentioned in text, an initial \u201cthe,\u201d even if it is part of the official title, is lowercased (unless it begins a sentence) and is not italicized. Foreign-language titles, however, retain the article in the original language \u2014 but only if it is an official part of the title.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She reads the <em>Chicago Tribune<\/em> on the train.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 We read <em>Le Monde<\/em> and <em>Die Zeit<\/em> while traveling in Europe.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Did you see the review in the <em>Frankfurter Allgemeine<\/em>?<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When the name of a newspaper or periodical is part of the name of a building, organization, prize, or the like, it is capitalized but not italicized.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Los Angeles Times Book Award<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tribune Tower<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Seasons, days of the week<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The names of the days of the week and the months of the year are always capitalized. The four seasons are not capitalized when standing by themselves. They are capitalized when part of proper names.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Homecoming takes place in the fall.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There will be a number of information sessions during Fall Open House 2002.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Semesters<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Do not capitalize fall semester or spring semester; Interim, however, is always capitalized.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Titles<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In running text, titles are capitalized only if they directly precede the name of the individual. A title following the name of an individual or a title by itself is not capitalized. <b>However<\/b>, titles used in event listings or programs are capitalized in all instances. (For specific information about academic, courtesy, and religious titles, see <b>Titles<\/b> later in this guide.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 President Lars W. Boe will speak at the event.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ole E. R\u00f8lvaag, professor of Norwegian, will speak at the event.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The president, Clemens M. Granskou, will speak at the event.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The crowd stood as the president of the United States entered.<br \/>\nRight:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">David R. Anderson &#8217;74, President<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Matthew Marohl, College Pastor<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Mary Walczak, Professor of Chemistry<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>Exception<\/i>: Titles of the holders of named professorial chairs are always capitalized in full, whether they appear before or after the holder\u2019s name:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anton Armstrong \u201978, the Harry R. and Thora H. Tosdal Professor of Music<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tosdal Professor of Music Anton Armstrong \u201978<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 James Bobb is the Elliot and Klara Stockdal Johnson Chair of Organ and Church Music<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>Exception<\/i>: The names of academic degrees and honors should be capitalized when following a personal name, whether abbreviated or written in full:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Clyde M. Haverstick, Doctor of Law<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Martha Hershall, M.D.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lee Wallek, Fellow of the Royal Academy<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>Exception<\/i>: Some words identifying occupations or professions should not be capitalized even if they precede the name. Do not capitalize in instances such as:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 attorney Clarence Darrow<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pianist Van Cliburn<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 music faculty member F. Melius Christiansen<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 basketball coach Pat Summitt<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Computer and Internet Terminology<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Listed below are common computer and Internet terms along with preferred spelling and capitalization. These rules pertain in general to text in print. Please note exceptions for web use regarding email addresses and URLs.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>email:\u00a0<\/b>Always use \u201cemail\u201d without a hyphen. Do not capitalize the word unless it appears at the beginning of a sentence or list.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When including an email address in text in print, set the address in lowercase letters and italicize.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When including an email address in text on the web, do not italicize the address. Instead, hyperlink the address. If an email address is used at the end of the sentence, use a period, but do not hyperlink the period.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>e-newsletter, e-communication, e-article, e-commerce, e-marketing, e-zine<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>home page:<\/b>\u00a0Two words spelled in lowercase letters except at the beginning of a sentence.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Internet:\u00a0<\/b>Capitalize in all instances.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>online:\u00a0<\/b>one word, no hyphen<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>URLs, web addresses:\u00a0<\/b>When including a URL in text in print, set the address in lowercase letters and italicize. <b>Do not<\/b> put \u201cwww\u201d at the beginning of URLs. It isn\u2019t needed when typing in an address and looks antiquated.\u00a0Avoid including a complex URL in print that is difficult for readers to retype (such as <em>fusion.acc.stolaf.edu\/inside\/index.cfm?fuseaction=PastIssues<\/em>). If you can\u2019t provide a simple URL, direct readers to a main page and then give them instructions for finding the information (Example: Visit <em>stolaf.edu\/admissions<\/em> and select \u201cRequest More Information\u201d in the lower left-hand corner).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>If a URL falls at the end of a sentence, use a period. If an address breaks between lines, split it directly before a slash or a dot that is part of the address, without an inserted hyphen.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When including a URL in text on the web, do not italicize the URL. Instead, hyperlink the address. If an Internet address falls at the end of a sentence, use a period, but do not hyperlink the period. Try to avoid \u201clink here\u201d structures and instead hyperlink a word or phrase within the sentence.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Visit us on the web at stolaf.edu.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For complete details on the event, visit stolaf.edu\/admissions.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 View the concert online. (With \u201conline\u201d hyperlinked.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>web<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>web page:\u00a0<\/b>is two words, not hyphenated, both in lowercase letters<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>website:\u00a0<\/b>The preferred St. Olaf style is website \u2014 one word, lowercase<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>webmaster, webcam, webcast:\u00a0<\/b>One word spelled in lowercase letters except at the beginning of sentences<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>World Wide Web:\u00a0<\/b>Capitalize in all instances<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Numbers\/Numerals<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In text, spell out whole numbers below 10; use figures for 10 and above (this is a departure from <i>The Chicago Manual of Style<\/i>).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They had three sons and two daughters.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They had a fleet of 10 station wagons and two buses.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 They built four four-room houses, 10 three-room houses and 12 10-room houses.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Ages<\/b> are an exception to these guidelines: Always use figures to indicate the age of a person, except at the beginning of<br \/>\na sentence. Ages expressed as adjectives before a noun or as a substitute for a noun should use a hyphen.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A 5-year-old boy &#8230; The girl is 2 years old. The 31-year-old researcher &#8230;<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Two-year-olds are not noted for their patience.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:\u00a0<\/em> 2-year-olds are not noted for their patience.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The professor, a woman in her 50s, recounted the changes brought about by the Title IX legislation\u00a0passed in 1972.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When referring to <b>decades<\/b>, use numerals in full words or abbreviate the numerals, inserting an apostrophe before the<br \/>\ntwo-digit number to indicate numerals that have been omitted.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the 1920s, the Roaring \u201920s<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the \u201950s, \u201960s, and \u201970s<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em>\u00a0 the 50\u2019s, 60\u2019s, and 70\u2019s<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She enjoyed \u201970s music.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In the mid-1960s, she took up jogging; before she knew it, she was running in marathons.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Percentages<\/b> should always be in numeral form (unless they\u2019re at the beginning of a sentence), and \u201cpercent\u201d should be spelled out rather than indicated with a symbol.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: The <em>percentage<\/em> of classes at St. Olaf with fewer than 20 students increased from 49<i> <\/i><em>percent<\/em><i> <\/i>to<i> <\/i>60<i> <\/i><em>percent.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>When large numbers must be spelled out<\/b>, use a hyphen to connect a word ending in \u201cy\u201d to another word; do not use commas between other separate words that are part of one number.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 twenty; thirty; twenty-one; thirty-one; one hundred forty-three; one thousand one hundred fifty-five<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Spell out <b>numerals occurring at the beginning of a sentence<\/b> or recast the sentence. There is one exception \u2014 a numeral that identifies a calendar year may be used to begin a sentence.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Last year, 993 first-year students entered the college.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Forty-five students entered the competition.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em>\u00a0 993 first-year students entered the college last year.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1999 was a very good year for job seekers.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For <b>ordinal numbers<\/b> (first, second, etc.), spell out first through ninth when they indicate sequence in time or location. Starting with 10th, use figures.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 first base, the Fifth Amendment<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 He was 11th in line.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc., when the sequence has been assigned in forming names. Principal examples are geographic, military, and political designations.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0 \u00a01st Ward, 7th Fleet, 1st Sgt.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Numbers in dates<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Always use Arabic figures, without \u201cst,\u201d \u201cnd,\u201d \u201crd,\u201d or \u201cth.\u201d (When referring to things connected with the events of September 11, 2001, however, it is permissible to use September 11th.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 October 16<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>October 16th<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When using two years to show a period of time, separate the numbers with an \u201cen\u201d dash (a punctuation mark that is longer than a hyphen \u2014 see PUNCTUATION later for more details). Do not repeat the century and do not insert an apostrophe. (Exceptions include the 1999\u20132000 academic year, because it spanned two centuries, and anything else spanning centuries, e.g., 1985\u20132002.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the 2000\u201301 academic year<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>the 2000\u20132001 academic year<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>the 2000\u2013\u201901 academic year<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In a sentence, use the word \u201cto\u201d or \u201cand,\u201d not a hyphen or an \u201cen\u201d dash.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She worked here from 1998 to 2000.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em> She worked here from 1998\u20132000.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 American culture changed greatly between 1950 and 1960.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Numbers in class years<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When identifying current students or alumni by their class years, the two-digit year is preceded by an apostrophe. Do not insert a comma before the year.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 John Smith \u201987, Jane Doe \u201900<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em> John Smith, \u201987, Jane Doe, \u201900<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Identify alumni who have changed their names since birth, through marriage or otherwise, as follows:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>first name \/ birth name \/ present last name \/ class year. Do not set off birth names with parentheses.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jane Doe Smith \u201970<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em> Jane (Doe) Smith \u201970<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Identify alumni couples who share a last name as follows: first partner\u2019s first name \/ birth name (if different) \/ and class year followed by second partner\u2019s first name \/ birth name \/ the couple\u2019s present last name \/ and second partner\u2019s class year.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 John \u201947 and Jane Doe Smith \u201945<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em> John and Jane Doe Smith \u201947, \u201945<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 John Smith \u201990 and Jane Doe-Smith \u201990<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>Typesetting note: Most word processing programs will automatically insert the apostrophe curling the wrong way (e.g., \u201801). Type a space in after the year, and it will curl the apostrophe the correct way (e.g., \u201901).<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Numbers in academic grade years<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Spell out and use ordinal numbers: \u201cShe coaches the ninth-grade girls soccer team.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For grades 9\u201312 and for college levels, use the terms sophomore, junior, and senior, but not \u201cfreshman.\u201d Always use \u201cninth grade\u201d and \u201cfirst-year student.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Telephone numbers<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In text, local telephone numbers are written with hyphens: 507-786-2222.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Times<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use figures except for noon and midnight. A figure alone without zeroes is sufficient for the top of the hour. Use a colon to separate hours from minutes. Do not put a 12 before noon and midnight. Do not omit the periods in a.m. and p.m.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0 11 a.m., noon, 1 p.m., 3:30 p.m., midnight<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a02:00 p.m., 5pm<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Punctuation<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ampersand<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use the ampersand (&amp;) only when it is part of a company\u2019s formal name. The ampersand should not otherwise be used in place of the word \u201cand.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Baltimore &amp; Ohio Railroad, U.S. News &amp; World Report<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the Office of Alumni and Parent Relations<br \/>\nWrong:\u00a0 the Office of Alumni &amp; Parent Relations<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apostrophe<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Apostrophes indicate where letters or figures have been omitted in contractions and class years.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Class of \u201977<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Robert Smith \u201977<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 rock \u2019n\u2019 roll, Lunch \u2019n\u2019 Learn<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comma<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use commas to separate elements in a series, and do put a comma before the conjunction in a simple series.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The flag is red, white, and blue.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When \u201cetc.\u201d is used at the end of a series (and it should be used sparingly), set it off with commas.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The professor discussed dates, tests, extra help, etc., during her opening remarks.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use a comma for most figures greater than 999. The major exceptions are: street addresses, broadcast frequencies, room numbers, serial numbers, telephone numbers, and years.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Commas always go inside quotation marks.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cWhen we arrive,\u201d she said, \u201cI want to go snorkeling.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dashes<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>There are two primary kinds of dashes, varying from one another in length.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The most commonly used dash is the \u201cem\u201d dash, so called because it is equal in length to a typeset lowercase \u201cm.\u201d Use an \u201cem\u201d dash \u2014 with a space on either side \u2014 to indicate an interruption, explanation, series within a phrase, or break in faltering speech or to give emphasis.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cRosebud \u2014 \u201d The glass ball slipped from his lifeless hand.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Smith offered a plan \u2014 this was unprecedented \u2014 to raise revenues.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Smith offered a plan &#8211; &#8211; this was unprecedented &#8211; &#8211; to raise revenues.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 We will fly to Paris in June \u2014 if I get a raise.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u201cEn\u201d dashes are the same length as a typeset \u201cn.\u201d They are used primarily to indicate continuing, or inclusive, numbers in dates, time, or reference numbers. Use an \u201cen\u201d dash \u2014 without a space on either side \u2014 to indicate the passage of a period of time. Do not precede such a phrase with the word \u201cfrom,\u201d which should only be used together with the word \u201cto.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The growing seasons were shorter in 1995\u20132000. In May\u2013June 2001 there were 12 incidents.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The reception will take place from 1 to 3 p.m. in the Kings\u2019 Room.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em>\u00a0 The reception will take place from 1\u20133 p.m. in the Kings\u2019 Room.<br \/>\nRight: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The scripture reading for the day was Ruth 1:16\u201317.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use an en dash followed by a space when the concluding date of an expression is in the future: John Doe (2001\u2013 )<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The en dash is also used in place of a hyphen in a compound adjective, one element of which consists of two words or a hyphenated word:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In the post\u2013Civil War period &#8230;<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 On the New York\u2013London flight<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 a quasi-public\u2013quasi-judicial body<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ellipsis<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use an ellipsis to indicate the deletion of one or more words in condensing quotes, texts, and documents. Leave one full space on both sides of an ellipsis, which should consist of three periods.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I \u2026 tried to do what was best.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>If the words that precede an ellipsis constitute a grammatically complete sentence, either in the original or in the condensation, place a period at the end of the last word before the ellipsis. Follow it with a regular space and an ellipsis.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I no longer have a strong enough political base. \u2026 I will not seek reelection.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Periods<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In text, follow a period with a <b><i>single space<\/i><\/b> before beginning the next sentence. Omit periods in vertical lists unless one or more of the items are complete sentences.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Titles (Academic, Courtesy, and Religious)<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>In text, titles are capitalized if they directly precede the name of the individual. A title following the name of an individual or a title by itself is not capitalized. <b>However<\/b>, titles used in event listings or programs are capitalized in all instances.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>On second reference to a person, use only the last name unless another person mentioned in the document has the same last name. In that case, use first name and last name to avoid confusion.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pastor Matthew Marohl gave the sermon. Marohl focused on the issue of discrimination.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Academic titles<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Academic ranks and titles are specific and not interchangeable. It is not appropriate to bestow the title \u201cProfessor\u201d upon someone who holds the rank of instructor \u2014 or vice versa. A person is \u201cProfessor of,\u201d \u201cAssociate Professor of,\u201d or \u201cAssistant Professor of\u201d a discipline or \u201cInstructor in\u201d a discipline.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Associate Professor of Biology Jane Doe<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Jane Doe, associate professor of biology, will be the keynote speaker.<br \/>\n<em>Wrong:<\/em>\u00a0 Jane Doe is Associate Professor of Physics and Director of the Center for the Study of UFOs.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The titles \u201cartist in residence\u201d or &#8220;writer in residence&#8221; are not hyphenated, even when placed directly before the faculty member\u2019s name.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 St. Olaf Artist in Residence David Hagedorn plays the vibraphone on the new Brian Setzer Orchestra CD.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Courtesy titles<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Use courtesy titles (\u201cDr.,\u201d \u201cMr.,\u201d \u201cMrs.,\u201d \u201cMs.,\u201d \u201cMiss\u201d) only in formal materials such as invitations.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Do not use \u201cMr.\u201d in an informal reference unless it is combined with \u201cMrs.\u201d: Mr. and Mrs. John Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Smith.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>On first reference, faculty members should be referred to by their full academic title and their first and last name. On second reference, their last name is sufficient. Do not use the courtesy title \u201cDr.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Religious titles<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The first reference to a clergyperson normally should include a capitalized title before the person\u2019s name. The abbreviation Rev. is used when no \u201cthe\u201d precedes the title. If \u201cthe\u201d precedes the title, then Reverend should be spelled out. On second reference, use the person\u2019s last name only with no title.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 the Reverend William Sanborn<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rev. William Sanborn<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Select Troublesome Words and Terms<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The following words and terms are often misused.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Advisor, adviser:\u00a0<\/b>\u201cAdvisor\u201d is the preferred St. Olaf spelling.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Afterward, backward, downward, forward, toward, upward:\u00a0<\/b>Note that there is no \u201cs\u201d at the end of these words (it is not afterwards, etc.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Alumnus, alumna, alumni, alumnae:\u00a0<\/b>The word \u201calumnus\u201d indicates a man who has attended or graduated from a school; an \u201calumna\u201d is a woman who has done so. When referring to a group of men and women who have attended or graduated from a school or to more than one alumnus, use the word \u201calumni.\u201d When referring to an exclusively female group, use the word \u201calumnae.\u201d Do not use the phrase \u201calumni\/ae\u201d to refer to mixed groups. <b>Avoid the word \u201calum.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Between, among:\u00a0<\/b>\u201cBetween\u201d refers to two people or things. (Mother split the bread evenly between the two of us.) \u201cAmong\u201d implies collective relationships of more than two. (Among the students, there were only three who had done the homework.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Book signing<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Catalog:\u00a0<\/b>Do not use the spelling catalogue.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Chair:\u00a0<\/b>Not chairman\/chairwoman\/chairperson<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Dialogue<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Disc, disk:\u00a0<\/b>The preferred spelling for CDs and CD-ROMs is \u201cdisc.\u201d \u201cDisk\u201d is preferred for floppy and hard drives.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Emeritus, Emerita, Emeriti, Emeritae<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>These titles are an honorable recognition of the service of those who have contributed substantially to the life and mission of the college. For faculty at St. Olaf, it normally is recommended by the dean of the college and conferred by the Board of Regents upon retirement. The word \u201cemeritus\u201d indicates a man who has retired from his rank or title; an \u201cemerita\u201d is a woman who has done so. When referring to a group of men and women who have retired from their rank or title or to more than one emeritus, use the word \u201cemeriti.\u201d When referring exclusively to a female group, use the word \u201cemeritae.\u201d The term should be included in academic titles as follows:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Professor Emeritus of Music Charles Forsberg<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Professor Emerita of Biology Alice Burton<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Associate Professor Emeritus of English Graham Frear<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Foreign words and cities<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Isolated words and phrases in a foreign language that are likely to be unfamiliar to readers should be put in italics (e.g., Honi soit qui mal y pense is the motto of the Order of the Garter). Foreign words and phrases familiar to most readers and listed in Webster (e.g., in vitro, a cappella) are not italicized if used in an English context. If confusion might arise, however, foreign terms are best italicized and spelled as in the original language.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For foreign place names, use the primary spelling in <i>Webster\u2019s New World Dictionary<\/i>. If it has no entry, follow the National Geographic Atlas of the World.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Master class<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Name tag<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Over, more than:\u00a0<\/b>Generally use \u201cover\u201d when referring to spatial relationships: \u201cThe ball flew over the wall.\u201d While \u201cover\u201d may, at times, be used with numerals (\u201cHe is over 30.\u201d \u201cShe paid over $2,000 for the auction item.\u201d), you should generally use \u201cmore than\u201d with numbers and quantities (\u201cShe raised more than $300,000.\u201d). Let your ear be your guide in these cases.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Percent:\u00a0<\/b>Percent is always one word. Do not use % except in charts or tabular material.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Staff:\u00a0<\/b>Use \u201cstaffed\u201d as a transitive verb rather than \u201cmanned.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She staffed the registration table during Homecoming and Family Weekend.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Theater, theatre<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>At St. Olaf, the theater major, the Department of Theater\/Theater Department, titles of faculty members teaching in the department, the activities of the department or of its faculty and staff, and the dramatic arts in general all use the American spelling \u201ctheater.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When referring to theatrical performance spaces, also use the American spelling \u201ctheater\u201d \u2014 except where a formal name uses the British spelling, \u201ctheatre\u201d (e.g., the Shubert Theatre and the Children\u2019s Theatre, but the Guthrie Theater).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The names of the theaters at St. Olaf are the Kelsey Theater and the Haugen Theater, located in the Theater Building, and the Viking Theater, located in Buntrock Commons.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 She found her vocation at St. Olaf in Theater 110: <i>Introduction to Theater<\/i>. The Theater\u00a0Department faculty provided an overview of theater history, as well as exposure to works\u00a0of great dramatic literature.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Guthrie Theater opened on May 7, 1963, with a production of Hamlet.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 St. Olaf Professor of Theater Jane Doe directed the production.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>T-shirt<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Ultimate Frisbee<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>United States, U.S.:\u00a0<\/b>United States as a noun should be spelled out, but U.S. (with periods) is acceptable when used as an adjective.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Writing About Music: A Style Sheet<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A cappella<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b>Two p\u2019s, two l\u2019s, don\u2019t italicize. Defined by <i>Webster\u2019s New World Dictionary<\/i> as \u201cwithout instrumental accompaniment; said of choral singing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cConductor\u201d vs. \u201cdirector\u201d<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>A \u201cconductor\u201d is \u201ca director of an orchestra, choir, etc.,\u201d according to Webster\u2019s New World Dictionary, while a \u201cdirector\u201d is one \u201cwho directs a play, motion picture, etc.\u201d Refer to the leader of a musical ensemble as \u201cconductor\u201d and to the person who oversees the production of a play \u2014 or the annual Christmas Festival \u2014 as a \u201cdirector.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Musical keys<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Capitalize letters standing for musical keys.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 middle C, the key of G major, the key of F-sharp minor<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cPremier\u201d and \u201cpremiere\u201d<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u201cPremier\u201d (adjective or noun) means first in importance or rank, chief, foremost; any chief official. \u201cPremier\u201d (verb) means to exhibit or perform for the first time. \u201cPremiere\u201d (adjective or noun) is a first performance or showing of a play, movie, or musical work.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Right:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The premier collegiate choral ensemble\/band\/orchestra in America; the premier of British Columbia<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The ensemble will premier the piece in Oslo.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The premiere of \u201cSonata for Sirens\u201d was scheduled for late December.<br \/>\nRight:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The audience eagerly awaited the premiere performance of the piece.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Titles and subtitles of musical pieces<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Generic titles<\/b> (which use describers such as symphony, concerto, fantasia, etc., and often have an identifying opus or index number appended) are capitalized, but not italicized.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Bach: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565<br \/>\nHaydn: Baryton Trio No. 71 in A Major, Hob. XI: 71<br \/>\nBeethoven: Violin Concerto in D Major, op. 61<br \/>\nBeethoven\u2019s Fifth Symphony<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>True titles<\/b> (titles assigned by the composer) are italicized.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Rossini: <i>La gazza ladra<br \/>\n<\/i>Berlioz: <i>Symphonie fantastique<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Common names<\/b> (widely recognized popular names) are in quotation marks.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Mozart: Symphony No. 41 in C Major (\u201cJupiter\u201d)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>If it is unclear whether to treat a title as a true title or a common name, use quotation marks.<br \/>\nthe \u201cItalian\u201d Symphony<br \/>\nthe \u201cNew World\u201d Symphony<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Song titles <\/b>should be in italics.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>La danza<br \/>\n<\/i><i>L\u2019Heure exquise<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Arias<\/b> drawn from operas are capitalized and put in quotation marks.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhere\u2019er You Walk,\u201d from Handel\u2019s <i>Semele<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The titles of <b>Latin liturgical works<\/b> are capitalized, as are their constituent movements.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Titles: Mass, Requiem, Te Deum.<br \/>\nMovements: Kyrie, Gloria, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, etc.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Movement<\/b> titles are capitalized.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Allegro<br \/>\nAdagio<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>When an <b>opus or catalog number<\/b> is used as sole identification of the work, it is not preceded by a comma.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Trio op. 97<br \/>\nAdagio K. 411<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><b>Concert programs<\/b><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The standard listing of a work in a concert program gives a formal title with key and index identifier, the composer\u2019s full name, and the composer\u2019s dates. Movements follow, with foreign words italicized. Movements should be indented.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685\u20131750)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>Ouverture<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Air<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Gavotte I<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Gavotte II<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Bourr\u00e9e<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Gigue<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i><\/i>Four Dance-Episodes from <i>Rodeo<\/i>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aaron Copland (1900\u201390)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Buckaroo Holiday<br \/>\nCorral Nocturne<br \/>\nSaturday Night Waltz<br \/>\nHoe Down<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For a movement identified by both a title and a tempo indicator, use a colon after the title.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Symphony No. 3 in Eb Major (\u201cEroica\u201d), opus 55 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ludwig van Beethoven (1770\u20131827)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>Allegro con brio<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Marcia funebre: Adagio assai<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Scherzo: Allegro vivace<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Finale: Allegro molto<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>It is appropriate to translate movement titles that might not otherwise be understood, particularly if they are not translated elsewhere in the program. The translation should follow the movement title in parentheses and should be in quotes but not italicized.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Concerto for Orchestra \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Bela Bartok (1881\u20131945)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>Introduzione<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Giuoco delle coppie <\/i>(\u201cGame of Paris\u201d)<br \/>\n<i>Elegia<br \/>\n<\/i><i>Intermezzo interrotto <\/i>(\u201cInterrupted Intermezzo\u201d)<br \/>\n<i>Finale<\/i><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For first performances, give the date of composition and indicate the occasion<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><i>The Big Bang and Beyond<\/i> (1985)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Steven Mackey (b. 1953)<br \/>\n(Premiere Performance)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For a work that tells a story, it can be helpful to list the incidents in the program<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><i>The Moldau (Vltava)<\/i> from <i>My Fatherland (Ma Vlast)<\/i>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bed\u0159ich Smetana (1824\u201384)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The Two Sources of the Moldau<br \/>\nForest Hunt<br \/>\nPeasant<br \/>\nWedding<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- .site-grid__col -->\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div> <!-- .site-grid, .site-grid__wrapper -->\n\t<\/div> <!-- site-section__content -->\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":126,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_spp_custom_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-212","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/126"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=212"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5961,"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/212\/revisions\/5961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/communications\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}