{"id":440,"date":"2013-06-05T13:51:36","date_gmt":"2013-06-05T18:51:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/?page_id=440"},"modified":"2013-06-05T13:51:36","modified_gmt":"2013-06-05T18:51:36","slug":"short-forms-genki-i-chapter-8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/grammar-index\/genki-i-ii-grammar-index\/short-forms-genki-i-chapter-8\/","title":{"rendered":"Short forms ( Genki I Chapter 8)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-modular-content-collection><p><strong>Short Forms<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Verbs and \u3044-adjectives in the affirmative &#8211; same as their dictionary forms<\/p>\n<p>\u306a-adjectives and noun + \u3067\u3059 in the affirmative &#8211; replace \u3067\u3059 with \u3060<\/p>\n<p>\u3044-adjectives and \u306a-adjectives and noun + \u3067\u3059in the negative &#8211; replace \u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093 with \u306a\u3044<\/p>\n<p><strong>Negative Short Forms<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>ru-<\/em>verbs: Take othe final \u308b off and add \u306a\u3044<\/p>\n<p>Ex: \u98df\u3079\u308b -&gt; \u98df\u3079\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n<p><em>u-<\/em>verbs: Take the final &#8211;<em>u<\/em>\u00a0off and add &#8211;<em>anai<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ex: \u3088\u3080 -&gt; \u3088\u307e\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n<p>Irregular verbs: \u3059\u308b -&gt; \u3057\u306a\u3044\u3001\u304f\u308b -&gt; \u3053\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n<p>Exception: \u3042\u308b -&gt; \u306a\u3044<\/p>\n<p>There are some points worth noting with negative short forms:<\/p>\n<p>1. The negative short forms of verbs that end with the hiragana \u3046 are &#8230;\u308f\u306a\u3044 instead of &#8230;\u3042\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n<p>2. The vowel changes with the irregular verb \u304f\u308b<\/p>\n<p>3. The verb \u3042\u308b in the negative is \u306a\u3044<\/p>\n<p>Short forms are used to quote someone else, in casual conversations (as signs of intimacy), and in making negative requests.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Short Forms Verbs and \u3044-adjectives in the affirmative &#8211; same as their dictionary forms \u306a-adjectives and noun + \u3067\u3059 in the affirmative &#8211; replace \u3067\u3059 with \u3060 \u3044-adjectives and \u306a-adjectives [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":209,"featured_media":0,"parent":252,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-440","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/209"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=440"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/440\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.stolaf.edu\/japanese\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}