Unpaid engagement opportunities like volunteering should be considered carefully as it could impact future visa applications. Whenever possible students are strongly encouraged to consider Curricular Practical Training (CPT) authorization. 

It is a common misperception that if you are not receiving payment, you are just “volunteering” and not really employed. However, this is a complicated area involving both immigration regulations and employment law. It is your responsibility to be aware of the relevant regulations and laws that pertain to your activities in the United States.

What is “volunteering”?

A “volunteer” is “individual who performs hours of service . . . for civic, charitable, or humanitarian reasons, without promise, expectation or receipt of compensation for services rendered.” (29 C.F.R.553.101). Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, a person may not volunteer services for for-profit private sector employers.

To be considered a volunteer, the work performed by the individual must meet the following criteria:

• No expectation of compensation;
• The volunteer cannot displace a genuine employee;
• The services provided by the volunteer should not be the same services for which he or she was previously paid and/or expects to be hired and paid for in the future; and
• Services are performed for a non-profit organization for public service or religious or humanitarian objectives.

F-1 students do not need employment authorization for opportunities that meet the criteria above. However, international students are encouraged to discuss any off-campus opportunities with the Assistant Director of International Engagement to insure they fully understand the regulations and risks involved.